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The Definition of Gts-21
Gts-21 Nootropics is a novel, small-molecule selective α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist. It's also frequently called GTS-21 HCL or DMXBA because it's actually a 3-2,4-dimethoxybenzylidene anabaseine in chemistry. GTS-21 has recently been established as a promising treatment for inflammation. In human clinical trials, GTS-21 is demonstrated to enhance memory and cognition activity. So it belongs to the category of nootropics and is currently being extensively researched for treatment of Alzheimer's and Schizophrenia as well as Nicotine dependence.
Specification
ANALYSIS | SPECIFICATION | RUSULT |
Appearance | Bright Yellow to Deep Yellow Powder | Complies |
Identification(HPLC) | IR: The infra red absorption spectrum of the sample should be IR absorption spectrum of Gts-21 working standard | Complies |
Assay | ≥98.0% | 98.42% |
Flash point | 230.1 ± 26.8℃ | Complies |
Boiling point | 456.8 ± 38.0℃ at760mmHg | Complies |
Solubility | Soluble in Ethanol, Water. | |
Loss on drying | ≤0.5% | 0.11% |
Residue on ignition | ≤0.1% | 0.04% |
Heavy metals | ≤20ppm | Complies |
Chromatographic purity (HPLC) | Max single impurity:≤0.5% | 0.01% |
Total impurities:≤1.0% | 0.05% | |
Conclusion | Conform with specification | |
The Science Behind GTS-21
GTS-21 Nootropics is an orally active alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor agonist. DMXBA is one of the most potent α7 agonist. It also binds to alpha 4 beta 2 subtypes but it only really activates the alpha 7 to any significant extent.
Gts-21 main mechanism of action is activating α7 and it does that very well. This process, the inhibition of the alpha 7 nicotinic receptor, mediates a release of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) by hippicampal interneurons. This is the main, most important mechanism of action and it's also the reason why GTS-21 is being extensively researched right now. Basically, this has became a new target for therapeutic internevtion in Schizophrenia.
We've mentioned α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nACh) many times so far, so what exactly is it?
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand-gated ion channel proteins that mediate rapid intersynaptic signaling. nAChR can be roughly divided into two types: central type and peripheral type. nAChR is composed of different subunits, and 16 kinds of nAChR subunits have been identified so far. Different combinations of different subunits will show different pharmacological and physiological characteristics, and α7 is one of them. The two most distributed receptor subtypes in the central nervous system, α4β2 and α7, of which α7 nAChR is a special subtype. It consists of five identical subunits and has a fairly high permeability to calcium ions. , able to regulate the activation of calcium and the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. α7 nAChR is closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia, inflammation and other diseases.
The main areas of α7 nAChR distribution in the nervous system are: gray matter, hippocampus, basal ganglia, thalamus, etc. α7 nAChRs plays its role through their actions at postsynaptic membranes, presynaptic membranes, around protrusions, or at extrasynaptic sites. After activation of the presynaptic membrane α7 nAChR, it can depolarize the presynaptic membrane by enhancing the fusion of vesicles and the presynaptic membrane, exocytosis, and calcium influx to excite voltage-dependent calcium channels, thereby increasing or triggering a series of neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, dopamine, norepinephrine, acetylcholine and gamma-amino acid (GABA), etc. In addition to depolarizing the postsynaptic membrane to directly excite neurons, excitation of the postsynaptic membrane α7 nAChR can also regulate the release of GABA. Therefore, α7 nAChR has the function of regulating the excitability of neurons, which can keep neurons in a suitable physiological state and maintain normal behavioral responses of the body, especially cognitive processes.
Gts-21 also attenuates pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Recent studies have also shown that GTS-21 inhibits the activities of monocyte marcophages, endothelial cells as well as the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. It does all of this by regulating the JAK2-STAT3 pathways.
Disorders associated with α7 nAChR
AD & α7 nAChR
AD stands for Alzheimer's disease, which often begins in old age or pre-senile age with dementia as the main manifestation. It is a persistent neurological disorder and the most common cause of dementia. The symptoms are gradually severe cognitive impairment (memory impairment, learning impairment, attention impairment, spatial cognitive function, problem-solving impairment), gradually unable to adapt to the society.
Its main pathological features are senile plaques (SP) formed by β-amyloid (amyloid-β protein, Aβ) aggregation in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) formed by abnormal aggregation of tau protein, and the decreased neurons existing in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
With the in-depth research, more and more evidences have shown that α7 nAChR may bind to Aβ1-42 in the brain of AD patients, resulting in the destruction or blockade of α7 nAChR, or causing the death of cholinergic neurons mediated by α7 nAChR, which affects cognition and memory.
Schizophrenia & α7 nAChR
Schizophrenia is a common mental illness, and its pathogenesis is still not fully understood. At present, most scholars believe that schizophrenia is related to abnormal or imbalanced functional states of human brain dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and glutamate (Glu) systems. Cognitive dysfunction is one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia, and at least 85% of patients with schizophrenia have persistent and severe cognitive impairment. There is evidence that α7 nAChR may play a key role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Half-Life & Dosage
A 100% accurate half-life of GTS-21 has not been confirmed yet. But from the current research, it can be showed that the half-life of GTS-21 is between 2-3 hours.
Sadly, this means that 1 dose of GTS-21 won't last all day like 1 dose of 9-Me-BC. In other words, it means that GTS-21 users should split their dose into three parts, taking the first part in the morning, the second part at lunch, and the third part in the afternoon. In this way, DMXBA users can maintain the GTS-21 effect throughout the day.
According to the study, 18 healthy male volunteers randomly take either placebo or GTS-21. The volunteers were taking 450mg of DMXBA (GTS-21 ) daily. Keep in mind that because of the half-life, they were actually taking 150mg dosages three times per day.
Basically, the study showed very promising results. The dosage of 450mg a day was very well tolerated and it didn't show any concerning side effects.
So to summarize, 450mg a day is a great dosage. A lot of users use this dosage and it's also the dosage that was used in some human trials with very promising results.
Caution:
Please keep in mind that the above content is only for reference, please analyze the specific situation.
Certifications
Shipping & Packaging
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Adequate stock can steadily supply goods to you. If you want to buy Gts-21 Nootropics, please contact with Xi'an Sonwu.
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